OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to show the radiologic signs named after weapons and munitions along with their military counterparts to help radiologists recognize these signs, which will allow confident interpretation and diagnosis. CONCLUSION. Numerous pathologic conditions have classic radiologic manifestations that resemble weapons and ammunitio […]

OBJECTIVE. We will illustrate the imaging features of gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and their correlation with histopathologic findings. The radiologic features to distinguish gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma from other types of lymphomas will also be described. CONCLUSION. Differences in clinical be […]

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether a reduced volume of iodinated contrast material for pulmonary CT angiography (CTA) using a low peak kilovoltage (kVp) technique yields equivalent opacification in all vessels. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four hundred fifty-two consecutive pulmonary CTA patients (265 women and 187 men; age range, 18 […]

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of multiple focal pure ground-glass opacities (GGOs) on high-resolution CT images of patients with lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The cases of 23 patients with proven lung cancer and associated multiple focal pure GGOs on high-resolution CT images were retrospectively reviewe […]

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this article is to show how MRI findings can be used to differentiate Takotsubo cardiomyopathy from acute coronary syndrome. CONCLUSION. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a disorder that mimics acute coronary syndrome. MRI can show not only edema in the ventricular wall, which is diffuse and without arterial territory distribution, but […]

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to determine whether there is a relationship between renal cortical thickness or length measured on ultrasound and the degree of renal impairment in chronic kidney disease (CKD). MATERIALS AND METHODS. From October to December 2007, 25 patients (13 men and 12 women, mean age 73 years) were identified who had CKD but we […]

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this investigation was to assess workflow for medical imaging studies, specifically comparing liver and knee MRI examinations by use of the Lean Six Sigma methodologic framework. The hypothesis tested was that the Lean Six Sigma framework can be used to quantify MRI workflow and to identify sources of inefficiency to target for sequ […]

OBJECTIVE. The diagnosis of denervation injury as a cause of shoulder pain is conventionally based on clinical findings and electrophysiologic studies. MRI has an important role in identifying direct and indirect signs of neuropathy and can confirm the presence of nerve compression, depict space-occupying lesions, and exclude other intrinsic lesions of the s […]

OBJECTIVE. We summarize the rationale for and physiology of radiation therapy for the treatment of head and neck cancer and review the imaging findings of expected changes and complications after radiation to the neck. It is important to be able to recognize these features at all stages during management of patients with squamous cell carcinoma and other hea […]

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to subjectively compare additional mammographic views to digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in the characterizing of known masses, architectural distortions, or asymmetries. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four experienced radiologists serially reviewed the imaging studies of 25 women with known masses, including full-field dig […]

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to propose a rule for determining which recommendation American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR) reviewers should provide when performing a review of a manuscript. CONCLUSION. The rule described here should allow reviewers to better understand the features that journal editors seek in a manuscript and to determine whic […]

OBJECTIVE. The objectives of this article are to review the new Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guideline, version 1.1, highlighting the major changes in the new version compared with the original RECIST guideline (version 1.0), and to present case examples with representative imaging. CONCLUSION. Familiarity with the revised RECIST is […]

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this review is to describe the current experimental and clinical data regarding the fundamentals and applications of 18F-FDG PET during acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). CONCLUSION. Lung inflammation is a key feature of ALI. During ALI, FDG PET can be used to monitor lung neutrophils, which are […]

OBJECTIVE. The use of PET, especially the use of PET/CT scanners, has expanded rapidly over the past few years. Although most of the detector development efforts have been focused on scintillator-based designs, other technologies, such as wire chambers, time projection chambers, and solid-state devices, are also being pursued. CONCLUSION. Many of these new t […]

OBJECTIVE. There is growing interest in using PET/CT for evaluating early response to therapy in cancer treatment. Although widely available and convenient to use, standardized uptake value (SUV) measurements can be influenced by a variety of biologic and technologic factors. Many of these factors can be addressed with close attention to detail and appropria […]

OBJECTIVE. At some institutions, catheter angiography is used for confirmation of aortic injuries and equivocal MDCT findings. Because of the speed and efficiency of 64-MDCT, we believe that diagnostic catheter angiography may be obsolete. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with 64-MDCT in the evaluation of acute traumatic aortic injury ( […]

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to describe the thoracic radiologic findings of chronic granulomatous disease in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively analyzed the chest radiographic and CT findings in four adults with chronic granulomatous disease during five episodes of lower respiratory tract infection. RESULTS. Chest radiographic fin […]

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to evaluate the detection rate of central airway stent complications using MDCT as compared with bronchoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A review was performed of all consecutive patients undergoing MDCT and bronchoscopy for suspected complications of airway stents during an 18-month period. MDCT images were interpreted […]

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to show the usefulness and limitations of contrast-enhanced time-resolved MR angiography (MRA) for imaging the central veins of the chest. CONCLUSION. Time-resolved MRA is highly sensitive for the detection of abnormalities and is particularly useful in conjunction with static high-spatial-resolution MRA. However, seve […]

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the predominant findings at high-resolution CT influence the accuracy of diagnosis of diffuse lung disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The cases of 100 patients with diffuse lung disease who underwent high-resolution CT and tissue diagnosis were studied. Three thoracic radiologists reviewed high-resol […]

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to evaluate serial CT changes from normal or near-normal lungs to honeycomb lungs in dust-exposed patients who developed chronic interstitial pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. From the records of the national hospital for pneumoconiosis, we retrospectively identified patients with chronic interstitial pneumonia who w […]

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the spectrum of central airway and vascular complications in lung transplantation using MDCT, with an emphasis on the usefulness of advanced postprocessing techniques. CONCLUSION. MDCT is an invaluable tool in the diagnosis, evaluation, and posttreatment assessment of central airway and vascular complic […]

OBJECTIVE. The imaging of pulmonary nodules is an evolving and dynamic field. In this review, we discuss the detection and multitechnique characterization of pulmonary nodules, emphasizing the impact of technological advances on both noninvasive and invasive evaluation and surveillance. The potential contribution of MRI, evolving imaging-guided techniques, a […]

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a 3D adaptive raw-data filter in improving image quality and the role of the filter in radiation dose reduction in lung CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Fifty-eight chest CT examinations were performed with a 16-MDCT scanner. Two acquisitions were performed with different tube current […]

OBJECTIVE. The use of thrombolytic agents and other forms of reperfusion therapy has provided a means to reverse ischemia and minimize the size of infarctions. The purpose of this review is to examine various clinical trials of reperfusion agents and address key imaging issues. CONCLUSION. Advanced MRI and CT play a growing role in selection of patients for […]

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OBJECTIVE. The objective of this article is to illustrate the sonographic findings of benign, vascularized superficial soft-tissue tumors. CONCLUSION. Sonography can play an important role in the diagnosis of benign, vascularized superficial soft-tissue tumors. Awareness of these findings is important in establishing the correct diagnosis and determining the […]

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this article is to illustrate the sonographic findings of malignant, vascularized superficial soft-tissue masses and their look-alikes. CONCLUSION. Radiologists need to be aware of the sonographic findings of malignant, vascularized superficial soft-tissue tumor findings and their look-alikes for the differential diagnosis and det […]

OBJECTIVE. The diagnosis of denervation injury as a cause of shoulder pain is conventionally based on clinical findings and electrophysiologic studies. MRI has an important role in identifying direct and indirect signs of neuropathy and can confirm the presence of nerve compression, depict space-occupying lesions, and exclude other intrinsic lesions of the s […]

OBJECTIVE. This study retrospectively evaluates diabetic myopathy in a large referral hospital population. It describes the MRI findings and the distribution of muscle involvement, including comparison with clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS. MRI reports of the lower extremities from July 1999 through January 2006 were reviewed and compared with clin […]

OBJECTIVE. Solitary fibrous tumors are rare soft-tissue tumors of submesothelial origin with variable malignant potential. Most of these tumors originate within the thoracic cavity, but they can occur in a variety of sites, including the abdomen, pelvis, and soft tissues and muscles. The purpose of this study was to review the imaging findings with clinicopa […]

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to verify the hypothesis that osteonecrosis and subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head can be differentiated on the basis of their appearance on MRI. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Between May 1998 and February 2009, we reviewed 30 consecutive hips in 30 patients, 60 years old or older at the time of onset of […]

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to establish the feasibility and potential value of measuring the concentration of choline-containing compounds by proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) in musculoskeletal lesions at 3 T. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Thirty-three subjects with 34 musculoskeletal lesions (four histologically proven malignant, 13 histologically proven b […]